This plan maintain stable machine capacity and workforce levels with constant output rate • In simple level strategy seeks to produce an aggregate plan that maintains a steady production rate and/or a steady employment level • This plan is preferable to the industry where non perishable materials are processed, but not immediately soldWith a beginning annual inventory of 600 and an ending annual inventory of 600, which set of values are correct for a Level Capacity aggregate planning strategy within Solution andAbout Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators
Aggregate Planning
What are the aggregate planning strategies
What are the aggregate planning strategies- 6 types of aggregate planning strategies At a basic level, you have two options you can modify demand to meet your production capacity, or you can modify capacity to The reactive aggregate planning strategy creates changes in the capacity to match with the changing demand Here are options widely used when developing the reactive aggregate planning strategy Resource Management Companies change resource management policies by hiring employees with required skills and lay off those without the right skills
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What strategies are used for aggregate planning and what are the main differences between these strategies? Level Production Strategy Level production = 100,000 pounds (50,000 1,000 150,000 80,000) 4 Spring 80,000 100,000 ,000 Summer 50,000 100,000 70,000 Fall 1,000 100,000 50,000 Winter 150,000 100,000 0 400,000 140,000 Cost of Level Production Strategy (400,000 X $0) (140,00 X $50) = $870,000 SALES PRODUCTION QUARTER FORECAST PLAN A level strategy's main goal is to create an aggregate plan that keeps both production and employment steady This means that the organization needs to come up with other ways of addressing changes in customer demand, like modifying their inventory levels based on how demand is forecasted to evolve in the near future
Regular time output = Minimum(Forecast, Capacity) Level Required production = Average forecasted demand per period Number of workers = (Required Production/period) / (Production rate/ worker/period) Chapter 12 Material Requirements Planning GR Plannedorder releases of "parents" x No required per unit OR Master Schedule for level zero Aggregate Planning and Forecasting Aggregate Planning by definition is concerned with determining the quantity and scheduling of production for the midterm future The timing on an aggregate plan runs normally from 3 to 18 months Therefore, the plan is a byproduct of the longer term strategic plan This is an important differentiation sinceA level strategy seeks to produce an aggregate plan that maintains a steady production rate and/or a steady employment level In order to satisfy changes in customer demand, the firm must raise or lower inventory levels in anticipation of increased or decreased levels of forecast demand
Aggregate Planning Strategies Capacity Options Aggregate Planning Strategies 1 Use inventories to absorb changes in demand 2 Accommodate changes by varying workforce size 3 Use parttimers, overtime, or idle time to Develop a Plan Level strategy Aggregate planning is an operational activity critical to the organization as it looks to balance longterm strategic planning with short term production success A complete information is required about available production facility and raw materials A solid demand forecast covering the mediumrange periodAggregate production planning (APP) determines the resource capacity a firm will need to meet its demand over an intermediate time horizonsix to twelve months in the future Within this time frame, it is usually not feasible to increase capacity by building new facilities or purchasing new equipment;
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7 Level Strategy • Level strategy is a strategy the firm maintains a constant capacity over a period of time irrespective of the fluctuations in demand • This strategy is used when the skill level, training required, or the cost of hiring people and terminating them is high Demand Units Time Production 7Aggregate planning – Is the process by which a company determines levels of capacity, production, subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and pricing over a specified time horizon – goal is to maximize profit Or, if demand is effectively fixedThe primary difference among the three strategies is the lever, When an organization adopts the level capacity strategy then it manufactures at a constant output rate It does not consider any fluctuation or change in the level of demand
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In this lesson, we investigate the process of developing a level production plan in this aggregate planning segmentThe three pure aggregate planning strategies are the chase strategy, time flexibility from workforce or capacity strategy, and the level strategy The primary difference among the three strategies is the lever, that is, the parameter that is manipulated to achieve equality of supply and demand over the aggregate planning periodStrategic Network Planning Master Planning Distribution Planning Transport Planning Production Aggregate Planning a Level Work Force Plan `backorders allowed Aggregate Planning Available capacity 50 50 10 12 14 16 0 350 150 50 75 75 0 300 300
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1 Level Strategy The level strategy favors an aggregate plan that maintains a more steady production and steady employment levels To accommodate the changes in customer demand, organizations must either increase or decrease inventory The level strategy is considered a traditional aggregate planning method that maintains a steady production rate as well as the level of the workforce by continuing consistent human resources and production in the organization It is best suited where the inventory carrying costs are not high and are adopted by mainly manufacturing companies 1 For next fiscal year, find their annual regular time direct labor cost and their overtime direct labor cost based on a level capacity aggregate planning strategy 2 For next fiscal year, find their annual regular time direct labor cost and their overtime direct labor cost based on a chase demand aggregate planning strategy
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Aggregate planning is capacity planning for a the long range b the intermediate range c the short range d typically one to three months e typically one or more years B The main disadvantage (s) of informal techniques used for aggregate planning is (are) aDisaggregating the Aggregate Plan Aggregate Planning Aggregate planning Intermediaterange capacity planning that typically covers a time horizon of 2 to 18 months Useful for organizations that experience seasonal, or other variations in demand Goal Achieve a production plan that will effectively utilize the organizations' resources to satisfy demand Sales and Operations Planning Some organizations use the term sales operations and planning rather than aggregate planningAn approach to aggregate planning that attempts to match supply and output with fluctuating demand Depending on the product or service involved, the approach can incur costs by the ineffective use of capacity at periods of low demand, by the need to recruit or lay off staff, by learningcurve effects, and by a possible loss of quality The advantages include low storage
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Basic aggregate planning strategies are Level Capacity Chase Demand Demand Time period (year) Maintaining a steady rate of output while meeting variations in demand by a combination of options Level Capacity Demand Time period (one year) Production Production Cumulative production Cumulative demand Cumulative output/demand Interesting Extra capacity may be obtained by subcontracting at an additional cost of $15 per unit over and above the company's producing them itself on regular time Provide a detailed cost breakdown for using a level vs a chase strategy to meet the increased demand2 4 Aggregate Planning Problem Given the demand forecast, determine the best dtill production level, inventory level, capacity level Specify the planning horizon duration of each period key required information 5
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Planning Aggregate Planning Master Scheduling Detailed Planning & Scheduling C A P A C I T Y P L A& N N I N G Business F O R E C A S T I N G D E M A N D Planning Source Wallace, Tom F Sales and Operations Planning, A HowTo Guide, TF Wallace & Co 1999 A level strategy seeks to produce an aggregate plan that maintains a steady production rate and/or a steady employment level They are Aggregate Demand and Aggregate capacity Aggregate Demand (AD) is the quantitative assessment of the requirement for all goods and services for a specific period of time at a given price level Aggregate capacity is the total amount of capacity required or available to carry out a function It also tells about the 3 best strategies for aggregate planningThey are level strategy,
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Aggregate planning examples San Aziz Example 1 A large distribution center must develop a staffing plan that minimizes the total cost using parttime workers Use chase and level strategy Capacity (regular time, overtime, subcontracted) Inventory Backlog/lost sales because of delay There are essentially three distinct aggregate planning strategies for achieving balance among these costs These strategies involve tradeoffs among capital investment, workforce size, work hours, inventory, and backlogs/lost salesThe Extremes Level Chase Strategy Strategy Production Production rate equals is constant demand Basic Aggregate Planning Strategies for Meeting Demand Level capacity strategy • Keeping work force constant and maintaining a steady rate of regulartime output while meeting variations in demand by a combination of options (such as using
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Aggregate planning is concerned with determining the quantity and the schedule of production for the immediate future Aggregate plans are intermediaterange plans that are valid for three to 18 months The main objective of aggregate plans is to lower costs and to use capacity most efficientlyAggregate planning is a marketing activity that does an aggregate plan for the production process, in advance of 6 to 18 months, to give an idea to management as to what quantity of materials and other resources are to be procured and when, so that the total cost of operations of the organization is kept to the minimum over that period The quantity of outsourcing, b Defining the concept of aggregate plan for operational capacity management, which strategy (Level or Chase) do you think would be best applicable for the company?
Aggregate Planning
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(5 Marks) For NMIMS Assignments, Case study Answer sheets Project Report and Thesis contact email protected wwwmbacasestudyanswerscom ARAVIND – –The Aggregate Planning Problem •Given the demand forecast for each period in the planning horizon •Determine the production level, inventory level, and the capacity level for each period that maximizes the firm's (supply chain's) profit over the planning horizon •Specify the planning horizon (typically 318Key words Capacity strategy, Level capacity, Chase capacity and Capacity utilization 1 Introduction The economic significance of capacity utilization can be expressed in the level of demand If market demand grows, the rate of utilization of capacity will increase as it is expected that output will rise Also, if demand
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Aggregate Planning
AGGREGATE PLANNING STRATEGIES There are three pure planning strategies available to the aggregate planner a level strategy, a chase strategy an workforce strategy Firms may choose to utilize one of the pure strategies in isolation, or they may opt for a strategy that combines the three LEVEL STRATEGY A level strategy seeks to produce an aggregate planIn doing "aggregate planning" for a firm producing paint, the aggregate planners would most likely deal with a forecast of expected demand, current levels of inventory, policies regarding employment levels In order to use the "level capacity strategyHowever, it is feasible to hire or lay off workers, increase or reduce the work week,
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Level Strategy Costs Regular production costs Inventory carrying costs Hiring Costs Total Incurred Costs _____ The aggregate planning that we are going to carry out will among other things attempt to match the level of bike supply to demand It is going to determine the required quantities and the timing of inputs as well as outputsAggregate planning is capacity planning that typically covers a time horizon of one to three months
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